# ARK Flow

ARK Flow is an open source [DroneCAN](../dronecan) [optical flow](), [distance sensor](../rangefinders), and IMU module.

![ARK Flow](https://4155462212-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F-LArEa7z2SPawfl3HpCD%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-30fc2093871019a7abac7aee161a417f2bf72740%2Fark_flow.jpg?alt=media)

## Where to Buy

Order this module from:

* [ARK Electronics](https://arkelectron.com/product/ark-flow/) (US)

## Hardware Specifications

* [Open Source Schematic and BOM](https://github.com/ARK-Electronics/ARK_Flow)
* Sensors
  * PixArt PAW3902 Optical Flow Sensor
    * Tracks under super low light condition of >9 lux
    * Wide working range from 80mm up to 30m
    * Up to 7.4 rad/s
  * 40mW IR LED built onto board for improved low light operation
  * Broadcom AFBR-S50LV85D Time-of-Flight Distance Sensor
    * Integrated 850 nm laser light source
    * Field-of-View (FoV) of 12.4° x 6.2° with 32 pixels
    * Typical distance range up to 30m
    * Operation of up to 200k Lux ambient light
    * Works well on all surface conditions
    * Transmitter beam of 2° x 2° to illuminate between 1 and 3 pixels
  * Bosch BMI088 6-Axis IMU or Invensense ICM-42688-P 6-Axis IMU
* STM32F412CEU6 MCU
* Two Pixhawk Standard CAN Connectors (4 Pin JST GH)
* Pixhawk Standard Debug Connector (6 Pin JST SH)
* Software-toggleable built in CAN termination resistor
* Small Form Factor
  * 3cm x 3cm x 1.4cm
* LED Indicators
* USA Built

## Hardware Setup

### Wiring

The ARK Flow is connected to the CAN bus using a Pixhawk standard 4 pin JST GH cable. For more information, refer to the [CAN Wiring](../../can#wiring) instructions.

### Mounting

The recommended mounting orientation is with the connectors on the board pointing towards **back of vehicle**, as shown in the following picture.

![ARK Flow align with Pixhawk](https://4155462212-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F-LArEa7z2SPawfl3HpCD%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-43e668f7efdade7d1192b3ae0d8a5723ef8c2446%2Fark_flow_orientation.png?alt=media)

This corresponds to the default value (`0`) of the parameter [SENS\_FLOW\_ROT](../../../../advanced_config/parameter_reference#SENS_FLOW_ROT). Change the parameter appropriately if using a different orientation.

The sensor can be mounted anywhere on the frame, but you will need to specify the focal point position, relative to vehicle centre of gravity, during [PX4 configuration](#px4-configuration).

## Firmware Setup

ARK Flow runs the [PX4 DroneCAN Firmware](../dronecan/px4_cannode_fw). As such, it supports firmware update over the CAN bus and [dynamic node allocation](../../dronecan#node-id-allocation).

ARK Flow boards ship with recent firmware pre-installed, but if you want to build and flash the latest firmware yourself see [PX4 DroneCAN Firmware > Building the Firmware](../../dronecan/px4_cannode_fw#building-the-firmware).

* Firmware target: `ark_can-flow_default`
* Bootloader target: `ark_can-flow_canbootloader`

## Flight Controller Setup

:::note The Ark Flow will not boot if there is no SD card in the flight controller when powered on. :::

### Enable DroneCAN

In order to use the ARK Flow board, connect it to the Pixhawk CAN bus and enable the UAVCAN driver by setting parameter [UAVCAN\_ENABLE](../../../../advanced_config/parameter_reference#UAVCAN_ENABLE) to `2` for dynamic node allocation (or `3` if using [DroneCAN ESCs](../esc_motors/escs)).

The steps are:

* In _QGroundControl_ set the parameter [UAVCAN\_ENABLE](../../../../advanced_config/parameter_reference#UAVCAN_ENABLE) to `2` or `3` and reboot (see [Finding/Updating Parameters](../../../advanced_config/parameters)).
* Connect ARK Flow CAN to the Pixhawk CAN.

Once enabled, the module will be detected on boot. Flow data should arrive at 10Hz.

DroneCAN configuration in PX4 is explained in more detail in [DroneCAN > Enabling DroneCAN](../../dronecan#enabling-dronecan).

### PX4 Configuration

You need to set the EKF optical flow parameters to enable fusing optical flow measurements for velocity calculation, set necessary [DroneCAN](../dronecan) parameters, and define offsets if the sensor is not centred within the vehicle.

Set the following parameters in _QGroundControl_:

* Enable optical flow fusion by setting [EKF2\_OF\_CTRL](../../../../advanced_config/parameter_reference#EKF2_OF_CTRL).
* To optionally disable GPS aiding, set [EKF2\_GPS\_CTRL](../../../../advanced_config/parameter_reference#EKF2_GPS_CTRL) to `0`.
* Set [EKF2\_RNG\_A\_HMAX](../../../../advanced_config/parameter_reference#EKF2_RNG_A_HMAX) to `10`.
* Set [EKF2\_RNG\_QLTY\_T](../../../../advanced_config/parameter_reference#EKF2_RNG_QLTY_T) to `0.2`.
* Set [UAVCAN\_RNG\_MIN](../../../../advanced_config/parameter_reference#UAVCAN_RNG_MIN) to `0.08`.
* Set [UAVCAN\_RNG\_MAX](../../../../advanced_config/parameter_reference#UAVCAN_RNG_MAX) to `30`.
* Set [SENS\_FLOW\_MINHGT](../../../../advanced_config/parameter_reference#SENS_FLOW_MINHGT) to `0.08`.
* Set [SENS\_FLOW\_MAXHGT](../../../../advanced_config/parameter_reference#SENS_FLOW_MAXHGT) to `25`.
* Set [SENS\_FLOW\_MAXR](../../../../advanced_config/parameter_reference#SENS_FLOW_MAXR) to `7.4` to match the PAW3902 maximum angular flow rate.
* Enable [UAVCAN\_SUB\_FLOW](../../../../advanced_config/parameter_reference#UAVCAN_SUB_FLOW).
* Enable [UAVCAN\_SUB\_RNG](../../../../advanced_config/parameter_reference#UAVCAN_SUB_RNG).
* The parameters [EKF2\_OF\_POS\_X](../../../../advanced_config/parameter_reference#EKF2_OF_POS_X), [EKF2\_OF\_POS\_Y](../../../../advanced_config/parameter_reference#EKF2_OF_POS_Y) and [EKF2\_OF\_POS\_Z](../../../../advanced_config/parameter_reference#EKF2_OF_POS_Z) can be set to account for the offset of the Ark Flow from the vehicle centre of gravity.

## Ark Flow Configuration

On the ARK Flow, you may need to configure the following parameters:

| Parameter                                                                     | Description                   |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| [CANNODE\_TERM](../../../../advanced_config/parameter_reference#CANNODE_TERM) | CAN built-in bus termination. |

## LED Meanings

You will see both red and blue LEDs on the ARK Flow when it is being flashed, and a solid blue LED if it is running properly.

If you see a solid red LED there is an error and you should check the following:

* Make sure the flight controller has an SD card installed.
* Make sure the Ark Flow has `ark_can-flow_canbootloader` installed prior to flashing `ark_can-flow_default`.
* Remove binaries from the root and ufw directories of the SD card and try to build and flash again.

## Video

@[youtube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAbRe1fi7bU\&list=PLUepQApgwSozmwhOo-dXnN33i2nBEl1c0)

_PX4 holding position using the ARK Flow sensor for velocity estimation (in_ [_Position Mode_](../../../flying/flight_modes/position_mc)_)._
